The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.